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Experience obtained in selected EU-Member States in supporting renewable energies and proposed political options, Luxembourg
Customer: European Parliament, Lxembourg, 1995
Since capital needs are high when investing in Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), well adapted financial schemes are essential, including well fitted financial support. Supporting the dissemination of RET means supporting people, not technologies. Though, support mechanism have to be adapted to people not to technologies. This study for the European Parliament compares support mechanisms for RET in several European countries by describing case studies. Six different investor types can be identified, each one standing for a specific amalgam of motivation, energy needs, financial possibilities and risk-averse. Each of these types has its specific importance for different RET and different stages of RET's market penetration. Also the size of the market for RET, represented by each investor type, is different.
Financing Renewable Energy Systems (FIRE), Germany
Customer: European Commission, DG Research, Brussels 1996 - 1998
Major obstacle for the further deployment of renewable energy is the lack of appropriate finance. Even renewable energy technologies with an economic potential are only partly exploited. In particular it has become clear that the availability of finance and the forms and conditions upon which it is lent have a major impact on deployment. An area of importance is the deficiency of appropriate ownership forms and properly adapted financing instruments. This project analyses and compares the means of financing RES in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Main tasks are:
• to analyze the means of financing renewable energy technologies
• to provide an analysis of best practice means for financing
• to provide an analysis of the barriers to the implementation of renewable energy technologies.
This analysis considers tax aspects, legal restrictions, subsidies, risks and their management, and collateral requirements
Innovations for the promotion of renewable energies, Luxembourg
Customer: European Parliament, Luxembourg, 1997
This study seeks to give an overview of various innovative strategies to promote renewable energy sources (including energy pricing policy ("green pricing"). The possibilities and prospects for the use of renewable energy sources in developing countries are also discussed in a separate section. In addition, some space is devoted - in connection with the use of renewable sources of energy - to the water situation (drinking water, irrigation and water purification) in developing countries (particularly in Africa and the Middle East).
Climate Change Mitigation: Climate protection through the use of renewable energy, Germany
Customer: Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 1998 - 2000
The potential of renewable energy for future energy supply was investigated. Status and costs of renewable energy technologies were investigated. Scenarios for the accelerated deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency were developed. The costs and resulting emissions of the scenario paths were calculated. Policy instruments to promote the accelerated use of renewable energy were described. A particular focus was on the design of policies to promote renewable energy in power supply. Different approaches like e.g. quotas and feed-in laws were discussed.
The European Electrolabel. A Green Electricity Certification Standard for the European Union
Customer: European Commission, Directorate General Energy 1998 - 2000
This project aims at developing a European standard for environmental labeling of electricity -The European Electrolabel. This includes formulation of environmental impact criteria and proposing standards and processes for accreditation. A review of accreditation schemes is presented. It shows that criteria used to classify power production as environmentally acceptable, i.e. 'green', differ significantly between existing national schemes. As an example, the wide range of criteria for biomass is shown. Stakeholder interests in the set-up process are discussed. Preliminary conclusions are that extensive stakeholder participation in the set-up process is vital and that criteria must be adaptable to national differences.
United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), Germany
Customer: German Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 1999 - 2001
The 9th assembly of the CSD had a focus on Energy. Consultancy was supplied to the German government on present and potential contribution of renewable energy to sustainable development. Instruments to promote renewable energy as for example national feed-in laws and quotas as well as multilateral instruments like Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) were in the particular focus. The consultant took part in two sessions of the CSD and organized a side-event.